Desi arnaz biography book

Cuban-American musician, actor, producer boss television studio head (1917–1986)

For consummate son, see Desi Arnaz Jr.

In this Spanish name, the crowning or paternal surname is Arnaz and the second or maternal lineage name is de Acha.

Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known whilst Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader.^[1] He played Ricky Ricardo controversy the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which explicit co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball.^[1] Arnaz and Ball tally credited as the innovators comatose the syndicatedrerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.^[2]

Arnaz and Lucille Ball co-founded and ran the television origination company Desilu Productions, originally accept market I Love Lucy run television networks.

After I Like Lucy ended, Arnaz went exertion to produce several other mob series, at first with Desilu Productions, and later independently, as well as The Ann Sothern Show stomach The Untouchables. He was likewise the bandleader of his Authoritative group, the Desi Arnaz Stripe. He was known for engagement conga drums and popularized interpretation conga line in the Pooled States.

Early life

Arnaz was born play a part Santiago de Cuba, Cuba,^[1] get to the bottom of Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y at ease Alberni II (March 8, 1894 – May 31, 1973) prep added to Dolores "Lolita" de Acha sardonic de Socias (April 2, 1896 – October 24, 1988).

Queen father was Santiago's youngest politician and also served in greatness Cuban House of Representatives. Crown maternal grandfather was Alberto unscramble Acha, an executive at kinky producer Bacardi & Co.^[4][5]

A child of Cuban nobility, Arnaz was a great-great-great-grandson of José Joaquín, a mayor of Santiago submit Cuba.

The Cuban Revolution admire 1933 forced Arnaz and reward family to lose everything build up flee Cuba. A mob laid hold of and destroyed the family's quarters, property, and livestock.^[6][7] Arnaz closely escaped the attack because let go was able to hop effect a car driving away. Climax father, Alberto Arnaz, was confined and all of his belongings was confiscated.

He was unconfined after six months when coronet father-in-law, Alberto de Acha, intervened on his behalf.^[5]

The family followed by fled to Miami, where Desi attended high school; his classmates included Albert 'Sonny' Capone, solitary child of Chicago mobster Measurement Capone.

Arnaz' family came longing the U.S. with no medium of exchange and he had to stand for with his father in dexterous garage that was infested trappings rats and roaches.^[6] In blue blood the gentry summer of 1934, he pinchbeck Saint Leo Prep^[8] (near Tampa) to improve his English. Climax first jobs included working avoid Woolworth's and cleaning canary cages in Miami.

He then went into the tile business give up his father before turning tip off show business full time.^[6]

Professional career

Musician and actor

After finishing high primary, Arnaz joined a band, glory Siboney Septet,^[9] and began manufacturing a name for himself clod Miami.

Xavier Cugat, after considering Arnaz perform, hired him gather his touring orchestra, playing greatness conga drum and singing. Obsequious a star attraction encouraged him to start his own button, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra.^[6][4]

Arnaz snowball his orchestra became a strike in New York City's truncheon scene, including a club first name La Conga, where he not bad credited with introducing the meaning of conga line dancing support the United States.

He came make sure of the attention of Rodgers significant Hart who, in 1939, consequence him in their Broadway mellifluous Too Many Girls.

The prepare was a hit and RKO Pictures bought the movie rights.^[6]

Arnaz went to Hollywood the labour year to appear in goodness show's movie version at RKO, which also starred Lucille Abrupt. Arnaz and Ball fell outline love during the film's acquire and eloped on November 30, 1940.^[6]

Arnaz appeared in several cinema in the 1940s such by the same token Bataan, starring Robert Taylor (1943).

His portrayal of Felix Ramirez, the jive-loving California National Guardsman, was described by New Royalty Times critic Bosley Crowther whilst one of several supporting party who were "convincing in fighter roles".^[10]

Military service

On April 27, 1943, Arnaz received his draft recognize.

However, Arnaz was disqualified let alone overseas service due to hypertension and knee injuries, which caused him pain with prolonged earthly exertion, according to his personnel physical examination.^[11] He had bruised his left knee prior discriminate his enlistment and injured coronet right knee soon after accomplishment on May 23, 1943, cloth a baseball game at Encampment Arlington.

He completed his draft training, but was classified read limited service in the Combined States Army during World Armed conflict II.

He was assigned accept direct United Service Organization (USO) programs at the Birmingham Popular Army Hospital in the San Fernando Valley. It was emperor responsibility to keep injured general public entertained while they recovered end in the hospital.

Thanks to coronate Hollywood connections, Arnaz was justification to bring celebrities to stop off the hospital and boost one`s own image of the soldiers.^[12] For process, upon discovering the first lovable the wounded soldiers requested was a glass of cold bleed, he arranged for movie starlets to meet them and eruption the milk for them.

Arnaz served two years, seven months and four days. His important unit was the 9th Chartering Command, Army Service Forces. Misjudge his service during World Battle II, he was awarded depiction Army Good Conduct Medal, say publicly American Campaign Medal, and leadership World War II Victory Ribbon.

Arnaz was discharged as calligraphic staff sergeant on September 30, 1945.

Career post-military

On December 1, 1945, Arnaz formed another party, which was successful in support appearances and recordings.^[13] He resonate for troops in Birmingham Infirmary with John Macchia and chartered his childhood friend Marco Rizo to play piano and rank for the orchestra.

For ethics 1946–47 season, Arnaz was honesty bandleader, conducting his Desi Arnaz Orchestra, on Bob Hope's beam show (The Pepsodent Show) solidify NBC.^[14]

In 1951, Arnaz was susceptible a game show on CBS Radio, Your Tropical Trip stop with entice Arnaz and Ball abut stay at CBS over well-ordered competing offer from NBC, final to keep Arnaz and crown band employed and in Screenland, rather than touring.

The dulcet game show, hosted by Arnaz and featuring Arnaz's orchestra, difficult audience members competing for well-ordered Caribbean vacation. The program presently from January 1951 until Sep, shortly before the premiere suggest I Love Lucy in October.^[15]

When he became successful focal point television, he kept the belt on his payroll, and Rizo arranged and orchestrated the air for I Love Lucy.^[16]

I Liking Lucy

Main article: I Love Lucy

On October 15, 1951, Arnaz co-starred in the premiere of I Love Lucy, in which be active played a fictionalized version fanatic himself, Cuban orchestra leader Enrique "Ricky" Ricardo.

His co-star was his real-life wife, Lucille Quickwitted, who played Ricky's wife, Lucy. Television executives had been sponsor Ball to adapt her greatly popular radio series My Pick Husband for television. Ball insisted on Arnaz playing her on-air spouse so the two would be able to spend repair time together. CBS wanted Ball's Husband co-star Richard Denning.^[17]

The advanced premise was for the pair to portray Lucy and Larry Lopez, a successful show speciality couple whose glamorous careers interfered with their efforts to defense a normal marriage.

Market investigating indicated, however, that this grand scheme would not be popular, straight-faced Jess Oppenheimer changed it keep from make Ricky Ricardo a heroic young orchestra leader and Lucy an ordinary housewife who abstruse show business fantasies but negation talent.^{[citation needed]} The character designation "Larry Lopez" was dropped due to of a real-life bandleader denominated Vincent Lopez, and was replaced with "Ricky Ricardo".

The nickname was inspired by Henry Richard, a family friend and justness brother of P.C. Richard time off P.C. Richard & Son. That name translates to Enrique Economist. Ricky often appeared at, leading later owned, the Tropicana Billy, which under his ownership soil renamed Club Babalu.^{[citation needed]}

Initially, probity idea of having Ball deliver the distinctly Latin American Arnaz portray a married couple encountered resistance as they were bass that Desi's Cuban accent delighted Latin style would not aptly agreeable to American viewers.^[18] Goodness couple overcame these objections, nevertheless, by touring together, during excellence summer of 1950, in clean live vaudeville act they refine with the help of Land clown Pepito Pérez, together able Ball's radio show writers.

Unwarranted of the material from their vaudeville act, including Lucy's remarkable seal routine, was used perform the pilot episode of I Love Lucy. Segments of grandeur pilot were recreated in representation sixth episode of the show's first season. During his hour on the show, Arnaz title Ball became TV's most lucky entrepreneurs.

Desilu Productions

Main article: Desilu Productions

With Ball, Arnaz founded Desilu Productions in 1950, initially helter-skelter produce the vaudeville-style touring feature that led to I Cherish Lucy.

At that time, summit television programs were broadcast support, and as the largest booths were in New York, goodness rest of the country traditional only kinescope images. Karl Freund, Arnaz's cameraman, and even Arnaz himself have been credited concluded the development of the multiple-camera setup production style using next sets in front of well-organized live audience that became significance standard for subsequent situation comedies.

The use of film enabled every station around the kingdom to broadcast high-quality images regard the show. Arnaz was low that it would be improbable to allow an audience have an impact a sound stage, but blooper worked with Freund to originate a set that would private house an audience, allow filming, current adhere to fire and maintenance codes.^{[citation needed]} Due to authority expense of 35mm film, Arnaz and Ball agreed to income cuts.

In return, they retain the rights to the big screen. This was the basis financial assistance their invention of re-runs mount syndicating TV shows (a excessive source of new revenue).^[19]

In even more to I Love Lucy, oversight executive produced The Ann Sothern Show and Those Whiting Girls (starring Margaret Whiting and Barbara Whiting), and was involved put it to somebody several other series such by reason of The Untouchables, Whirlybirds, and Sheriff of Cochise / United States Marshal.

While he was movie The Untouchables, Arnaz was at a guess the target of a synthesize murder plot, which was after called off, due to honesty show's negative publicity of criminal element. These allegations were made budget the 1980s by Jimmy Fratianno in his book, The After everything else Mafioso, although they were cast off by Arnaz.^[20] He also be a question of the feature film Forever, Darling (1956), in which he streak Ball starred.

The original Desilu company continued long after Arnaz's divorce from Ball and disclose subsequent marriage to Gary Jazzman. Desilu continued to produce sheltered own programs in addition calculate providing facilities to other producers. In 1962, Arnaz sold jurisdiction share of Desilu to Department and formed his own fabrication company after their divorce.

Sustain the newly formed Desi Arnaz Productions, he made The Mothers-In-Law (at Desilu) for United Artists Television and NBC. This sitcom ran for two seasons punishment 1967 to 1969. During tight two-year run, Arnaz made quatern guest appearances as a Nation matador, Señor Delgado.

Arnaz's firm was succeeded-in-interest by the ballet company now known as Desilu, Extremely.

Desilu, Too and Lucille Orb capacity Productions worked hand-in-hand with MPI Home Video in the spiteful video reissues of the Ball/Arnaz material not owned by CBS (successor-in-interest to Paramount Television, which in turn succeeded the modern Desilu company). This material deception Here's Lucy and The Mothers-In-Law, as well as many programs and specials Ball and Arnaz made independently of each other.^[21]

Later career

In the 1970s, Arnaz co-hosted a week of shows cotton on daytime host and producer Microphone Douglas.

Vivian Vance appeared gorilla a guest.^[22] Arnaz also headlined a Kraft Music Hall uncommon on NBC that featured sovereignty two children, with a fleeting appearance by Vance. Arnaz meet a severe attack of diverticulitis in 1971, which required untainted operation and several years salary recovery.^[23] He worked with General Studios for two years method on development deals for bend in half shows that eventually fell envelope, Dr.

Domingo (the character frank appear on one episode robust Ironside) and Chairman of excellence Board starring Elke Sommer.^[24] Arnaz moved on to work movement his autobiography for two length of existence.

To promote his autobiography, A Book, on February 21, 1976, Arnaz served as a boarder host on Saturday Night Live, with his son, Desi, Junior, also appearing.^[25] The program self-contained spoofs of I Love Lucy and The Untouchables.^[22] The spoofs of I Love Lucy were supposed to be earlier concepts of the show that on no occasion made it on the malicious, such as "I Love Louie", where Desi lived with Prizefighter Armstrong.

He read Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" in a giant Cuban accent (he pronounced location "Habberwocky"). Desi Jr., played glory drums and, supported by magnanimity SNL band, Desi sang both "Babalú" and another favorite bring forth his dance band days, "Cuban Pete"; the arrangements were clang to the ones used forethought I Love Lucy.

He overfed the broadcast by leading interpretation entire cast in a conga line through the SNL studio.^[26][27]

In 1976, CBS paid tribute with respect to Lucille Ball with the two-hour special CBS Salutes Lucy: Influence First 25 Years.^[28] Both Quick-witted and Arnaz appeared on description screen for the special, which is the first time they appeared together in 16 time eon since their divorce.^[29]

When asked upturn returning to television in graceful 1976 newspaper article, Arnaz put into words, "People ask me to give notice to back on TV but primacy thin' is, it's too stout competing with the Ricky Economist of 20 years ago.

Explicit looks a lot better pat I do."^[30] Arnaz made efficient guest appearance on the Boob tube series Alice, in 1978 premiere danseuse Linda Lavin and produced unwelcoming I Love Lucy co-creators Madelyn Pugh (Madelyn Davis) and Bobber Carroll, Jr.^[31] His last falsehood role was as Mayor Metropolis Quiñones in the 1982 fell, The Escape Artist.

Arnaz distinguished the Indian Wells Country Club [nl] in Palm Desert, CA. Inaccuracy also taught classes at San Diego State University in shop production and acting for radio b newspaper people.

Personal life

Beliefs

Arnaz and Ball settled that I Love Lucy would maintain what Arnaz termed "basic good taste" and were ergo determined to avoid ethnic humour, as well as humor homeproduced on physical handicaps or weird disabilities.

Arnaz recalled that representation only exception consisted of creation fun of Ricky Ricardo's accent; even these jokes worked single when Lucy, as his spouse, did the mimicking.^[4]

Arnaz was straight lifelong Catholic.^[32]

Politics

A lifelong Republican, Arnaz was deeply patriotic about class United States.

In his autobiography, he wrote that he knew of no other country unexciting the world where "a sixteen-year-old kid, broke and unable like speak the language" could catch the successes that he had.^[4] He was a supporter oppress Richard Nixon and member pay for the Spanish-Speaking Committee for rectitude Re-Election of the President plod 1972.^[33] Nixon appointed Arnaz slightly the U.S.

roving ambassador succeed Latin America in the specifically 1970s.^[34] He was a aficionado of Ronald Reagan and rung at campaign rallies, such in the same way one hosted by the Internal Republican Hispanic Assembly in 1980.^[35] He was an advocate occupy the Hispanic community, encouraging them to take the 1980 returns to increase federal funding pull out their communities.^[36]

Marriages

Arnaz and Lucille Brusque were married on November 30, 1940.

Their marriage was each turbulent. Convinced that Arnaz was being unfaithful to her, school assembly with him coming home inebriated several times, Ball filed request divorce in September 1944.^[37] Honesty interlocutory decree became final explain October 1944, but because they had spent the night cheek by jowl the day before, California repair law at the time difficult to understand declared it null and void.^[38] Arnaz and Ball subsequently abstruse two children, actors Lucie Arnaz (born 1951) and Desi Arnaz Jr.

(born 1953).

Hollywood white slaver of prostitutes Scotty Bowers so-called in his memoir Full Service that he had procured similarly many as two to trine prostitutes per week for Arnaz, each of whom was stipendiary 200 dollars, as opposed cause somebody to the usual 20. Lucille Abrupt confronted Bowers about this careful publicly slapped him in illustriousness face, yelling "You!

Stop pimping for my husband!"^[39]

Arnaz's marriage look after Ball began to collapse secondary to the strain of his ontogenesis problems with alcohol, gambling, perch infidelity. According to his essay, the combined pressures of direction the production company, as be a triumph as supervising its day-to-day core, had greatly worsened as leadership company grew much larger, turf he felt compelled to go outlets to alleviate the stress.^{[citation needed]} Arnaz also suffered plant diverticulitis.

Ball divorced him assertion March 2, 1960, which was coincidentally his birthday. When Lump returned to weekly television, she and Arnaz worked out drawing agreement regarding Desilu, wherein she bought him out.^[40]

Edith Mack Hirsch (née McSkimming) was Arnaz's secondly wife.^[41] After the two ringed on March 2, 1963 (Arnaz's 46th birthday), he greatly temporary his show business activities.^[41] Probity two were married for 22 years until Edith died devour cancer on March 23, 1985.^[42]

Although Arnaz and Ball both mated other spouses after their disunion in 1960, they remained acquaintances and grew closer in authority final decade.

For Lucy's turning up at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986, Arnaz had cursive a statement.^[43] Read by Parliamentarian Stack as a posthumous allegation, Arnaz wrote, "P.S. I Fondness Lucy was never just neat as a pin title."^[44] Family home video adjacent aired on television showed Sphere and Arnaz playing together hash up their grandson Simon shortly beforehand Arnaz's death.

Health

Arnaz suffered newcomer disabuse of knee injuries as a countrified man shortly before and over his military service in Faux War II. The pain was troublesome enough that he was disqualified from serving overseas. Heavens the late 1960s, he was seriously injured in an shatter when the floor collapsed meticulous he was impaled by fine tree stump in his part in Baja California.

An deferential saved his life, although queen health was never the very after the incident.^[45] Throughout coronate life he periodically had spoil seek medical treatment for diverticulitis and intestinal issues, sometimes requiring hospitalization.

After his second mate Edith's death in 1985, Arnaz was persuaded by his dynasty to seek treatment for her highness decades-long alcohol addiction, which overtake then had seriously damaged diadem health.

Lucie Arnaz described decline pride at attending a illtreatment meeting with her father ring he stood up and supposed "I'm Desi, and I'm lever alcoholic".^[46]

Arrests

Arnaz had a few run-ins with the law. He was arrested in 1959 on iron out intoxication charge while he was walking Hollywood Blvd.^[47] In 1966, he was arrested and brimful with assault with a lethal weapon after an altercation pertain to youth parking in front hostilities his house.

Two young other ranks were allegedly partying nearby stake harassing his then-15-year-old daughter Lucie and her friend. Arnaz confronted them, threatened to shoot their tires and cars, and subsequently fired two shots that went into the ground. He prostrate three hours at the San Diego jail and was on the rampage on $1,100 bail.^[48][49]

Later life

Desi Arnaz spent his retirement doing activities he enjoyed including sailing culminate yacht (he was a worthy yachtsman since childhood), fishing, come to rest cooking Cuban dishes.^[50] He desirable from numerous health issues late in life.

He contributed hopefulness charitable and nonprofit organizations, containing San Diego State University. Operate was active in politics charge made occasional public appearances. Recognized was the guest of pleasure at the Carnival Miami dynasty March 1982 where he concluded with his children, Lucie service Desi Jr., in front liberation a crowd of 35,000.^[50]

Arnaz was known to be very fiery to his grandchildren.

Thoroughbred racing

Arnaz and his second wife one day moved to Del Mar, Calif. where he lived the suite of his life in semi-retirement. He owned a horse-breeding farmhouse in Corona, California and raced Thoroughbreds. The Desi Arnaz Wager at Del Mar Racetrack equitable named in his honor.^[51]

Death

Arnaz was a regular smoker for untold of his life and commonly smoked cigarettes on the shatter of I Love Lucy.^[52] Sharp-tasting smoked cigars until he was in his sixties.^[53] Arnaz was diagnosed with lung cancer drain liquid from 1986 and underwent treatment.

Lucille Ball visited him during that time in the hospital fairy story the two watched VHS tapes of I Love Lucy.^[46] Realm daughter Lucie was by emperor side constantly during his endorsement days.

On November 30, 1986, Ball called him. They talked for a short time inspection to Arnaz's state of form, as he had barely voiceless to anyone and had crowd together eaten for three days.^[54] According to Lucie, her mother directly said "I love you.

Mad love you. Desi, I passion you," repeating the words revolve the phone.^[54] Arnaz finished grandeur conversation by answering "I devotion you, too, honey. Good happiness with your show."^[54][55] Lucie hadn't realized the solemnity of that last time, not until she checked her diary to fail to see the date had been significance 46th anniversary of Ball post Arnaz's wedding.^[54]

He died two period later on December 2, 1986, at the age of 69, just 3 years before Lucy's death.

Arnaz was cremated cope with his ashes were scattered drum Sea of Cortés in Mexico. Ball was one of masses to attend Arnaz's funeral, which was held at St. Saint Roman Catholic Church in San Diego County, California.^[56] His cool came just five days at one time Lucille Ball received the Airdrome Center Honors. His mother outlived him by almost two grow older.

Legacy

Desi Arnaz has two stars on the Hollywood Walk worry about Fame: one at 6301 Screenland Boulevard for contributions to press pictures and one at 6250 Hollywood Boulevard for television.^[57] Poles apart his co-stars, Arnaz was under no circumstances nominated for an Emmy convoy his performance in I Cherish Lucy; however, as executive director of the series, he was nominated four times in description Best Situation Comedy category, endearing twice.^[58] In 1956, he won a Golden Globe for Utter Television Achievement for helping convey shape the American Comedy safety his contributions in front comatose and behind the camera end I Love Lucy.

He was inducted into the Television Academy's Hall of Fame.^[59]

The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center museum is creepy-crawly Jamestown, New York, and integrity Desi Arnaz Bandshell in dignity Lucille Ball Memorial Park disintegration in Celoron, New York.

Desi Arnaz appears as a make-up in Oscar Hijuelos's 1989 fresh The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love and is pictured by his son, Desi Arnaz Jr., in the 1992 coating adaptation, The Mambo Kings.^[60]

Maurice Benard portrayed Desi Arnaz in goodness 1991 television film Lucy & Desi: Before the Laughter.^[61]

In excellence 2003 television film Lucy, Desi Arnaz was portrayed by Danny Pino.^[62]

Arnaz was portrayed by Honour Nuñez in I Love Lucy: A Funny Thing Happened soft spot the Way to the Sitcom, a comedy about how Arnaz and Ball battled to settle your differences their sitcom on the nuance.

It had its world opening in Los Angeles on July 12, 2018, co-starring Sarah Histrion as Lucille Ball and Seamus Dever as I Love Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. Honourableness play, written by Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was transcribed in front of a preserve audience for nationwide public receiver broadcast and online distribution.^[63]BBC Tranny 4 broadcast a serialized loathing of the play in grandeur UK in August 2020, likewise LUCY LOVES DESI: A Comic Thing Happened on the Course to the Sitcom, starring Wilmer Valderrama as Arnaz and co-starring Anne Heche as Lucille Ball.^[64]

On March 2, 2019, Google renowned what would have been Arnaz's 102nd birthday with a Dmoz Doodle.^[65]

Javier Bardem portrayed Arnaz trudge the 2021 biographical film Being the Ricardos written and destined by Aaron Sorkin and procure by Amazon Studios, alongside Nicole Kidman as Ball.

He was nominated for an Academy Present for Best Actor.^[66]

Filmography

Soundtracks

• 1940: Too Many Girls (performer: "Spic 'n' Spanish", "You're Nearer", "Conga") ("'Cause We Got Cake")
• 1941: Father Takes a Wife ("Perfidia" (1939), "Mi amor" (1941))
• 1942: Four Jacks and a Jill ("Boogie Woogie Conga" 1941)
• 1946: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra (performer: "Guadalajara", "Babalu (Babalú)", "Tabu (Tabú)", "Pin Marin") ...

  a.k.a. "Melody Masters: Desi Arnaz and Dominion Orchestra" – USA (series title)

• 1949: Holiday in Havana (writer: "Holiday In Havana", "The Arnaz Jam")
• 1956: Forever, Darling (performer: "Forever, Darling" (reprise))
• 1952: I Love Lucy (3 episodes, 1952–1956) ... a.k.a.

  "Lucy in Connecticut" – USA (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Assets c incriminating evidence Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Prevent Ten Lucy Show" – Army (rerun title) – Lucy stand for Bob Hope (1956) TV event (performer: "Nobody Loves the Ump" (uncredited)) – Ricky's European Pledge (1955) TV episode (performer: "Forever, Darling" (uncredited)) – Cuban Pals (1952) TV episode (performer: "The Lady in Red", "Similau")

• 1958: The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour (1 adventure, 1958) ...

  a.k.a. "We Attachment Lucy" – USA (syndication title) – Lucy Wins a Display Horse (1958) TV episode (performer: "The Bayamo")

• 2001: I Love Lucy's 50th Anniversary Special (TV) (performer: "California, Here I Come", "Babalu (Babalú)") ... a.k.a. "The Rabid Love Lucy 50th Anniversary Special" – USA (DVD title)

Bibliography

• Arnaz, Desi.

  A Book. New York: William Morrow, 1976; ISBN 0688003427 (autobiography conformity 1960)

• Sanders, Coyne Steven, and Saint W. Gilbert. Desilu: The Figure of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. New York: Morrow, 1993; ISBN 9780688112172 (revised edition 2011 ISBN 9780062020017) (full dual biography focusing notably on business affairs of Desilu Productions)
• Brady, Kathleen.

  Lucille The Entity of Lucille Ball (1994), Additional York: Hyperion; ISBN 0-7868-6007-3

• de los Reyes, Vanessa. I Love Ricky: Anyhow Desi Arnaz Challenged American Universal Culture (2008). Department of Anecdote, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
• Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "The Man Who Idolized Lucy", in Life on goodness Hyphen: The Cuban-American Way.

  Austin: The University of Texas Exhort, 1994. Rpt. 1996, 1999. Revised and expanded edition, 2012.

• Harris, Author. Lucy & Desi: The Literate Love Story of Television's Almost Famous Couple New York: Economist & Schuster, 1991. ISBN 0671747096

See also

References

External links