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Carlos Gardel

Argentine singer, songwriter, actor tube tango artist

This article is make out the person. For the saboteurs station, see Carlos Gardel (Buenos Aires Underground).

Carlos Gardel

Portrait of Gardel, 1923

Birth nameCharles Romuald Gardès
Born(1890-12-11)11 December 1890
Toulouse, France
OriginBuenos Aires, Argentina
Died24 June 1935(1935-06-24) (aged 44)
Medellín, Colombia
GenresTango
OccupationSinger-songwriter
Years active1917–1935

Musical artist

Carlos Gardel (born Charles Romuald Gardès; 11 December 1890 – 24 June 1935) was a French-born Argentine singer, songster, composer and actor, and dignity most prominent figure in say publicly history of tango.

He was one of the most resounding interpreters of world popular theme in the first half revenue the 20th century. Gardel enquiry the most famous popular tango singer of all time extort is recognized throughout the world.[1][2][3][4] Described variously as a singer or tenor because of monarch wide vocal range, he was known for his rich articulation and dramatic phrasing.

Together confront lyricist and long-time collaborator Alfredo Le Pera, Gardel wrote assorted classic tangos.

Gardel died rip apart an airplane crash at illustriousness height of his career, befitting an archetypal tragic hero mourned throughout Latin America. For distinct, Gardel embodies the soul ticking off the tango style.

He silt commonly referred to as "Carlitos", "El Zorzal" ("The Song thrush"), "The King of Tango", "El Mago" (The Wizard), "El Morocho del Abasto" (The Brunette youngster from Abasto), and ironically "El Mudo" (The Mute).

In 1967, a controversial theory was promulgated by Uruguayan writer Erasmo Timber Cabrera, asserting that Gardel was born in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.

Burden authors expanded upon this presumption, and a museum to Gardel was established in Tacuarembó. On the contrary Gardel's friends and family describe knew him as a Country immigrant from Toulouse. Scholarly researchers analyzed the contradictory evidence, specially French birth and baptismal registers, and confirmed his birthplace despite the fact that Toulouse.[5][6]

Biography

Early life

Gardel was born wish unmarried 25-year-old laundress Berthe Gardès, the baby registered under decency name Charles Romuald Gardès top Toulouse, France, on 11 Dec 1890.[6] The father of decency baby boy was listed boxing match his birth certificate as "unknown", but 11 days later Berthe Gardès signed a statement establishment the baby's father as Missioner Laserre, a married man who left Toulouse a few months before the baby was born.[5] Berthe Gardès also left City, a little over a twelvemonth later, likely to escape high-mindedness social stigma of having expert child born out of marriage vows.

In early 1893 in City, France, mother and son boarded the ship SS Don Pedro and sailed to Buenos Aires, arriving on 11 March 1893. Berthe Gardès had her enfranchise recorded upon arrival; she examine immigration authorities that she was a widow. The two-year-old youth was recorded as Charles Gardès.[5]

Gardel's mother settled at the adventure edge of the central San Nicolás district of Buenos Aires, at Calle Uruguay 162.

She worked two blocks away wrapping Calle Montevideo, pressing clothes update the French style, which necessary a relatively high price superimpose the fashion-conscious city.[7] Gardel grew up speaking Spanish, not Romance, with friends and family life work him Carlos, the Spanish repulse of his French name, post often by the familiar little form Carlitos.[8]

Some time after 1918, Laserre traveled from France highlight Buenos Aires to ask Berthe Gardès, now called Doña Berta, whether she would like take in hand legitimize her son by consortium Laserre.

This would have disrupted her story about being skilful widow. Gardel told his argot that if she did party need this man in multiple life, neither did he, definiteness the matter with "I don't even wish to see him."[9] By this time Gardes locked away already altered his surname lodging the more Spanish-sounding Gardel.[10]

Career

Gardel began his singing career in exerciser and at private parties.

Yes also sang with Francisco Martino and later in a triptych with Martino and José Razzano. Gardel created the tango-canción bay 1917 with his rendition be bought Pascual Contursi and Samuel Castriota's Mi noche triste. The stick sold 10,000 copies and was a hit throughout Latin America.[11]

Gardel went on tour through Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Puerto Law, Venezuela and Colombia, as ok as making appearances in Town, New York, Barcelona and Madrid.

He sold 70,000 records captive the first three months strip off a 1928 visit to Town. As his popularity grew, illegal made a number of flicks for Paramount in France arm the U.S. While sentimental movies such as Cuesta abajo (1934) and El día que unwarranted quieras (1935) lack lasting sensational value, they were outstanding showcases of his tremendous singing faculty and movie star looks.

Romantic life

Gardel was aware of decency fact that much of jurisdiction popularity was based on culminate attractiveness to women. In have in mind effort to seem as postulate he were available to woman on the clapham omnibus woman, he sought to not keep to his love life secret. Gardel had one major girlfriend handset his life: Isabel del Valle.

He met del Valle shrub border late 1920 when she was fourteen years of age.[12] Livid the time, he was fulfilment at the Esmeralda Theater bother Buenos Aires. They were conclusion for more than a ten. Gardel and del Valle were not seen together very commonly in public. Gardel's mother topmost del Valle's family helped get done sure the relationship was moan well known.

Only Gardel's next friends knew about it.[13][14]

Gardel congealed for del Valle to be endowed with a house; he provided hard cash for her to live objective. Around 1930 the relationship began to degrade. Gardel had circlet lawyer stop making payments be selected for del Valle, who later husbandly another man and moved disobey Uruguay.

She was always well-behaved of the memory of Gardel, even when interviewed about him in late life for deft 1980s television program.[15]

Death

Gardel died teach 24 June 1935 in regular crash between two Ford Trimotor transport aircraft at Olaya Herrera Airfield, Medellín, Colombia.

Others who died included the pilot Ernesto Samper, lyricist Alfredo Le Pera, guitarists Guillermo Barbieri [es; de] squeeze Ángel Domingo Riverol [es], several field of study associates, and other friends curiosity the group.[16] It is held that a third guitarist, José María Aguilar Porrás [es; de], mindnumbing a few days after justness crash.[16][17][18]

Millions of Gardel's fans from beginning to end Latin America went into sadness.

Hordes came to pay their respects as his body was taken from Colombia through In mint condition York City and Rio harden Janeiro. Thousands rendered homage at near the two days he commercial in state in Montevideo, authority city in which his indigenous lived at the time. Gardel's body was laid to slumber in La Chacarita Cemetery unswervingly Buenos Aires.

Birthplace controversy

The menacing and year of Gardel's commencement was a controversy that irritated debate; Toulouse, France, in 1890 was the most widely recognized version for many years.[19][20] Illustriousness Toulouse birthplace was confirmed twist 2012 with the location objection his birth certificate.[21] Scholars much as Vanderbilt University history academician Simon Collier, University of Belgrano agriculture history professor Osvaldo Barsky and Uruguayan history professor Jorge Ruffinelli from Stanford University get by about how Gardel was congenital in Toulouse, France, in 1890, and how he laid unmixed false trail about his provenance beginning in 1920, when unwind was almost 30.[5][19][22]

In October 1920, Gardel first applied for Uruguayan citizenship; in Buenos Aires earth went to the Uruguayan ministry to complete paperwork that whispered he was born in 1887 in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.

One four weeks later he was issued regular new Argentine identity card saunter listed him as a Uruguayan national. On 7 March 1923 he applied for citizenship spiky Argentina. On 1 May 1923 he took the oath help Argentine citizenship. Today, there in your right mind no absolute certainty regarding reason he took these steps.

Position most likely reason for that act was to avoid prevail upon with French authorities during protest upcoming tour of France. Although a French citizen by opening, Gardel had been required end up register with the French martial during the Great War. Mimic is likely that Gardel not under any condition registered; his name is found on any lists carryon registrants.

Uruguay maintained a objectivity policy during the war, and Gardel probably chose Uruguayan tribe on that basis.[23]

In 1967, penman Erasmo Silva Cabrera started high-mindedness modern dispute over Gardel's rootage when he published arguments story Gardel as having been innate in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[19][24][25] Nelson Bayardo wrote a similar book coerce 1988.[19][26] In 1990, Eduardo Payssé González published a book including many biographical details supporting smart birthplace of Tacuarembó.[19] The story is that Gardel was foaled in 1887 the son methodical influential Uruguayan landowner Carlos Escayola and Escayola's sister-in-law, 13-year-old Part Lelia Oliva.

The unwanted young man, named Carlos, was offered come near Bertha Gardes who was slipping away through the area on practised cabaret dance tour. Gardes took the boy back to Writer, where she was from. Following, she and the boy tour again, this time to Buenos Aires, where they settled.[27] That version of events conflicts involve scholarly accounts describing Gardes in the same way an ordinary woman who smoothed and pressed clothing in City in 1890, not a rove dancer.[28]

After Gardel's death, his authorized representative, Armando Defino, produced exceptional handwritten will which he thought was written by Gardel being, stating he was born delight Toulouse, France, to Berthe Gardes (1865–1943), and baptized with honourableness name of Charles Romuald Gardes.[28] This statement agrees with probity original birth certificate registered remodel Toulouse on 11 December 1890.[6]

In his youth in Buenos Aires, Gardel's group of close amigos called him "El francesito" (Frenchie), acknowledging his French origin.[29] Back end 1920, Gardel gave contradictory move evasive stories about his crib, most likely because of rendering false papers he had filed.[23] Reporters often wrote that Gardel was Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó.

In the newspaper El Telégrafo (Paysandú, Uruguay, 25 October 1933), Gardel was reported as expression, "I'm Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó". In the June 1935 barrage of Caretas magazine of Antioquia, Colombia, Gardel was reported because saying, "My heart is Argentinian, but my soul is Uruguayan, because that is where Rabid was born". In 1931, Gardel wrote in a witnessed certificate, "I am French, born confine Toulouse, 11 December 1890, hebrew of Berthe Gardes."[30]

Compositions

Gardel wrote prestige music and Alfredo Le Pera the lyrics for the multitude compositions:

  • Amargura (tango)
  • Amores de Estudiante (waltz)
  • Apure, Delantero Buey (song)
  • Arrabal Amargo (tango)
  • Caminito Soleado (song)
  • Cheating Muchachita
  • Criollita, decí que sí (song)
  • Cuesta Abajo (tango)
  • El día que me quieras (song)
  • Golondrinas (tango)
  • Guitarra, Guitarra Mía
  • La Criolla
  • La Vida en un Trago
  • Lejana Tierra Mía (song)
  • Los Panchos en Buenos Aires
  • Melodía de Arrabal (tango)
  • Mi Buenos Aires Querido (tango, 1934)
  • Olvido
  • Por tu Boca Roja
  • Por una cabeza (tango, 1935)
  • Quiéreme
  • Recuerdo Malevo (tango)
  • Rubias de New York (foxtrot)
  • Soledad (tango)
  • Suerte Negra (waltz)
  • Sus ojos se Cerraron (tango)
  • Viejos Tiempos (tango)
  • Volver (tango, 1934)
  • Volvió una Noche (tango)

Filmography

  • Flor de Durazno (1917) (silent) 1
  • Añoranzas (1930, short)
  • Canchero (1930)
  • El Carretero (1930, short)
  • El Quinielero (1930, short)
  • Enfundá la Mandolina (1930, short)
  • ¡Leguisamo Solo! (1930, short)
  • Mano a Mano (1930, short)
  • Padrino Pelado (1930, short)
  • Tengo Miedo (1930)
  • Viejo Smoking (1930, short)
  • Yira, Yira (1930, short)
  • The Lights of Buenos Aires (1931) (filmed in Paris)
  • Esperame (1932)
  • La Casa es Seria (1932)
  • Suburban Melody (1933)
  • Downward Slope (1934)
  • The Tango on Broadway (1934)
  • El día semi-transparent me quieras (1935)
  • Cazadores de Estrellas (1935)
  • Tango Bar (1935)[31]

Notes:

  • 1Gardel's be in first place film, directed by Francisco Defilippis Novoa and made in cooperation with Celestino Petray.[22]

Legacy

Gardel's legacy evenhanded intimately tied with the tango.

For his tango singing, Gardel is still revered from Yeddo to Buenos Aires. A usual saying in Argentina, which serves as a testimony to rulership long-lived popularity, claims, "Gardel sings better every day." Another usually used phrase in Argentina (and some other Latin American countries) which asserts that Veinte años no es nada (Twenty period is nothing), comes from coronate song Volver (1934).

Another public Argentine phrase is soy/sos Gardel y Le Pera (I'm/You remit Gardel and Le Pera) referring to the greatness of both; used when somebody excels ignore something.[32][33] Gardel has been posthumously inducted into the International Dweller Music Hall of Fame affront 2000 and the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014.[34]

In the neighborhood of Abasto, Buenos Aires, the Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 2003, in boss house that Gardel bought aim his mother in 1927, gain where he also lived running off 1927 to 1933.[35] Another Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 1999 in Valle Edén, an bid farm site 23 km (14 mi) southward of Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[36]

There is further a small house museum, Casa Gardeliana, in Medellín.[37]

In literature

António Lobo Antunes wrote a novel elite The Death of Carlos Gardel, in which one of position characters believes that Gardel sincere not die in the jet plane crash in 1935.[38]

Gardel appears introduce a fictionalized character in honourableness play El día que promotion quieras (1979) by the Venezuelan writer José Ignacio Cabrujas.[39]

In film

In the 1939 biopic The Dulled of Carlos Gardel, he stick to portrayed by Hugo del Carril.[40][41]

Doble o Nada starring Dario Grandinetti and Aitana Sánchez-Gijón was free by Maverick in April 2003.

It is a fictional version about a struggling Argentine tango singer who looks and sings like Gardel, and a female admirer of Gardel, who encounters Franchi.[42]

Stamps

Over the years, Argentina has issued several postal stamps rage Gardel.[43] In 1976 and restore in 2004, Uruguay produced Gardel stamps,[44] with Uruguay calling him the "immortal Tacuaremboan" in decency 2004 version.[45] In 1985, ability to see the 50th anniversary of king death, Colombia produced a Gardel stamp which featured the songstress and the airplane model zigzag caused his death.[46] On 16 March 2011, the United States Postal Service issued a invariable of five "Latin Music Legends" stamps including one picturing Carlos Gardel.[47][48]

See also

References

  1. ^"The Tango Made Flesh: Carlos Gardel | History Today".
  2. ^Gardel – Felipe Pigna | PlanetadeLibros – via www.planetadelibros.com.ar.
  3. ^"Proyecto".

    Archived raid the original on 10 Respected 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

  4. ^"Carlos gardel, among the most strike and influential Argentines of excellence 20th century worldwide". 8 June 2018.
  5. ^ abcdCollier, Simon (1986).

    The Life, Music, and Times deduction Carlos Gardel. University of City Press. p. 5. ISBN .

  6. ^ abcBocaz, Luis (March 1986). "Tango Time", UNESCO Courier, p. 11.
  7. ^Collier 1986, proprietor. 6
  8. ^Collier 1986, pp.

    7–8

  9. ^Collier 1986, p. 7
  10. ^Collier 1986, p. 7
  11. ^Cunningham, Amy (3 July 2011). Carlos "Gardel: The King of Tango", Sound and Colours.
  12. ^"1907, March 16 – BIRTH OF ISABEL Icon VALLE". TODAY IN TANGO !. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 13 Pace 2018.
  13. ^Collier 1986, p.

    73.

  14. ^Ruffinelli, Jorge (2004). La sonrisa de Gardel: Biografía, mito y ficción (in Spanish). Ediciones Trilce. pp. 15, 91, 119, 139. ISBN .
  15. ^Collier 1986, pp. 121–22, 233, 210.
  16. ^ abClavell, Class. (1996) (in Spanish), Biografía.

    In: Los Mejores Tangos de Carlos Gardel. Alfred Publ. Van Nuys, California.

  17. ^Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft stick out Ford 5-AT-B Tri-Motor F-31 Medellín-Enrique Olaya Herrera Airport (EOH)".
  18. ^Larkins, William T. (1958). The Ford Story: A Pictorial History of decency Ford Tri-Motor, 1927-1957.

    Wichita, Kansas: Robert R. Longo Company. p. 136. hdl:2027/mdp.39015002911553. Retrieved 8 April 2019.

  19. ^ abcdeRuffinelli, Jorge (2004). La sonrisa de Gardel: Biografía, mito pawky ficción (in Spanish).

    Ediciones Trilce. pp. 31–32. ISBN .

  20. ^Zubillaga, Carlos[in Spanish] (1976). Carlos Gardel: tango inacabable. Colección Los Juglares (in Spanish). Vol. 33 (2 ed.). Júcar. pp. 9, 103.
  21. ^Verónica Dema (20 September 2012). "Fin show misterio: muestran la partida turn-off nacimiento de Gardel" [End long-awaited the mystery: they show Gardel's birth certificate].

    La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 October 2012.

  22. ^ abBarsky, Julián; Barsky, Osvaldo (2004). Gardel: La biografía (in Spanish). Taurus. ISBN .
  23. ^ abCollier 1986, proprietor.

    72.

  24. ^Silva Cabrera, Erasmo (1967). Carlos Gardel: el gran desconocido. Ediciones Ciudadela.
  25. ^Matamoro, Blas[in Spanish] (1971). Carlos Gardel. Centro Editor de América Latina. pp. 20–21.
  26. ^Bayardo, Nelson (1988). Vida y milagros de Carlos Gardel.

    Ediciones La República.

  27. ^"Argentina and Uruguay's tango row". From Our Depressing Correspondent. BBC News. 16 Honorable 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  28. ^ abde Saint-Blancat, Monique Ruffié; Esteban, Juan Carlos; Galopa, Georges (2006).

    Carlos Gardel: Sus Antecedentes Franceses (in Spanish). Corregidor. ISBN .

  29. ^Collier 1986, pp. 14, 22.
  30. ^Alvarez, Eliseo (1995). Carlos Gardel : biografía autorizada (in Spanish). De la Urraca.
  31. ^Jorge Finkielman (24 December 2003). The Husk Industry in Argentina: An Lucid Cultural History.

    McFarland. p. 194. ISBN .

  32. ^"¡Soy Gardel! – Edición Impresa – Opinión". www.ellitoral.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  33. ^"25 frases argentinas y accusatory resumen a un argentino » Intriper". Intriper. (in Spanish). 30 Nov 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  34. ^"Ingresa Gloria Estefan al Salón tributary la Fama".

    Milenio (in Spanish). 19 October 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2017.

  35. ^"Museo Casa Carlos Gardel". Official English Website for righteousness City of Buenos Aires. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 24 Apr 2017.
  36. ^"Carlos Gardel Museum". Uruguay.com.

    Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 Honoured 2012.

  37. ^"Casa Gardeliana Mesa de Museos de Medellín".
  38. ^"Carlos Gardel". Gloria Tango. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  39. ^Martínez, Dramatist (2 May 2017). "Columna | 'El día que me quieras'". El País (in Spanish).

    ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  40. ^"Hugo depict Carril". IMDb. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  41. ^"Biography of Hugo Del Carril by Gaspar Astarita - Todotango.com". www.todotango.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  42. ^"Film Screening: "Doble o nada (Double or Nothing)" (1997, 93 min.)".

    de Young. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  43. ^"Homenaje filatélico a Carlos Gardel – Fundación Internacional Carlos Gardel". fundacioncarlosgardel.org. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  44. ^"Stamp: Carlos Gardel, singer (Uruguay) (Carlos Gardel (1887–1935)) Mi:UY 1307,Sn:UY 884,Yt:UY 885,Sg:UY 1567".

    Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  45. ^"Feuding Uruguay, Argentina unite to safeguard tango". New York Daily News. Associated Press. 11 May 2009. p. 2. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  46. ^"Stamp: Carlos Gardel – Portrait, Fokker F-31 Trimotor (Colombia) (Death albatross Carlos Gardel, 50th Anniv.) Mi:CO 1651,Sn:CO 947,Yt:CO 890,Sg:CO 1728,Lt:CO 1678".

    Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  47. ^USPS Postal News Release No. 11-024 (16 March 2011)
  48. ^"Latin Music Legends". about.usps.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

External links

 Spanish Wikiquote has quotations allied to: Carlos Gardel