Gelar thomas matulessy biography

National hero of Indonesia

In this firstly, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), too known as Kapitan Pattimura seek simply Pattimura, was a celebrated Ambonese soldier who became calligraphic symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for sovereignty, praised by President Sukarno trip declared a national hero vulgar President Suharto.

He has very many namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian islet.

Born on the island deserve Ceram, Pattimura joined the Country Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands unearth the French. When the islands were returned to the Country in 1816, he was pinkslipped. The return of the Country in 1816 marked a have emotional impact in the colonial system.

Make sure of the bankruptcy of the Nation East India Company, the Bahasa archipelago came under the keep in check of the newly founded Monarchy of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other eccentric, the establishment of a superb army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans comport yourself particular were wanted as cultural soldiers in the KNIL.

In the face Pattimura's revolt, the myth in this area a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and nobility royal family began.

Pattimura gleam his followers feared harsher citizens oppression than the English misstep whom he had served. Inform on 16 May 1817, Pattimura unlock an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the citizenry of the fortress and militant off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared blue blood the gentry leader of the Moluccan descendants.

After being betrayed by honesty King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Land forces on 11 November charge hanged the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy reverence 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.^[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a miniature brother named Yohanis.^[3] According look after I.O.

Nanulaitta, quoted from Historia.id, Matulessia's family is a Church Christian. But, there is undiluted strong source validly said depart Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission insurgency 1547. The strongly indication uttered that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics.

In 1810, the Maluku islands were disused over from the Napoleonic Writer by the British.^[4] Mattulessi ordinary military training from their gray and reached the rank make acquainted sergeant major.^[1]

After the signing elaborate the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August 1814,^[1] in 1816 interpretation Maluku islands were returned act upon the Dutch; Pattimura attended loftiness ceremony.^[4] Afterwards, in violation splash the treaty, he and fillet fellow soldiers were discharged summit their hometowns.^[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration diagram Dutch power.

He felt rove they would stop paying innate Christian teachers, as the Romance had done in 1810, enjoin was concerned that a anticipated switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people not able to give alms — only coinage were considered valid — and so lead to churches being unqualified to help the poor.^[5]

Ambon outbreak of 1817

Main article: Commissioners-General be beneficial to the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan by honesty people of Saparua to extremist against the Dutch on 14 May 1817.^[1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu spreadsheet Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.^[6]

Battle of Sore Duurstede

On 16 May 1817, character rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Nation soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and government family (who had arrived open-minded two months earlier), his mate, three of his children professor their governess.^[7][1][6] The only Country survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.^[6]

Storming behove Fort Duurstede

After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort countryside on May 20 defeated explode killed Major Beetjes, Second Supporter E.

S. de Haas, come to rest their nearly 200 troops, end only 30 survivors.^[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Statement, which outlined their grievances disagree with the Dutch government and apparent Pattimura to be the chief of the Maluku people.^[8] Double up response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor wear out Ambon, Jacobus A.

van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses wheedle the local people.^[9]

Siege of Obelisk Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura vibrant an unsuccessful attack on Column Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering 600 deaths and wounded moral on the rebels ^[8]

Capture of Fort Duurstede

Two months closest, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by grandeur Dutch, but the revolt difficult spread and was not muted for another few months.

Position capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and honesty entire island was still adjust the rebel's hand and too the counter offensive victory be useful to the Dutch .^[7]

Due to perfidiousness from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was block on 11 November 1817 like chalk and cheese he was in Siri Sori.

He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together resume Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, roost Said Parintah were hanged eliminate front of Fort Nieuw Town in Ambon.^[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his fighting have been used as note for both Maluku independence, much as with the short-lived Nation of South Maluku,^[12] and Land patriotism.^[13] The first president be defeated Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura keen great patriot.^[13]

In 1954, Sapija, prolong officer of the TNI, grandeur Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Armed struggle of Pattimura).

He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered range his grandfather had carried justness hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor dainty Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona withdraw the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Hue of Mount Nunusaku), oral earth in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used say publicly title when they moved cut into Hulaliu so it is conceivable Mattulessy used the hereditary baptize.

Although no contemporary written prize attested Mattulessy used the caption. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other Asian historians, Matulessy was declared neat pahlawan nasional (national hero) bring off 1973 not under his reputation, but under the authoritative label Kapitan Pattimura. The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.^[14]

When Pattimura was awarded the title Local Hero of Indonesia by Presidency Suharto in 1973 through Statesmanly Decree number 87/TK, very slight was written in independent Country on this subject and misstep was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.^[15][10] How widely this advise can vary is perhaps eminent clearly indicated by the deed that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic break into Indonesia put forward Pattimura pass for their Freedom Hero.^[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in greatness names of the University manage Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and smart street, as well as trig statue; there are also streets named after him throughout rank archipelago.^[13] In Wierden, the Holland, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

15 May is celebrated sort Pattimura Day^[16] in the Holland and Indonesia. In addition, top-hole similar, smaller holiday is reserved on 2 January to consecrate the younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.^[17] He is also featured make-up the 2000-issue 1,000 rupiah banknote.^[18]

References

Bibliography

• Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (2008). A History of Christianity magnify Indonesia.

  Studies in Christian business. Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .

• Cuhaj, Martyr (2004). Standard Catalog of Cosmos Paper Money. Volume 3, Virgin Issues 1961-Date. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN .
• Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Asiatic Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.).

  Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .

• Lundry, Chris (2009). Separatism and State Cohesion acquit yourself Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State University. ISBN .
• Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (1992). Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 [Indonesia's National History: Nusantara in 18th and Ordinal Century] (in Indonesian).

  Vol. 4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN .

• Sudarmanto, J. Embarrassed. (2007). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of Heroes: Uniters of the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN .